It sounds like you have an interesting idea. If I get it right, you want to create affordable, quickly constructed, permanent housing for refugees, yet want it to still reflect the characteristic architecture and materials of the region? I would imagine the block and stone is especially good in the hot, dry climate of the region, too. Unfortunately, it is not a material that is easily incorporated into prefab structures. Using a veneer would eliminate any of the insulating benefit of the thick masonry walls, although I suppose some extruded polystyrene products may do equally well.
Have you considered concrete? It can be poured between forms made of polystyrene insulation. The forms can be assembled in a variety of configurations to create a diversity of masses. The exterior can be faced with stucco or a veneer of brick, stone, or other material. The interior can be framed, or there are materials that can be applied directly on top of the insulation.